美国拟限制中国芯片设备进口

（原标题：美国拟限制中国芯片设备进口）

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来 源 ： 内容来自路透社 。

美国两党议员周四在众议院提出一项法案，该法案将阻止《芯片法案》拨款的接受者在 10 年内购买中国芯片制造设备。

该法案针对一系列芯片制造工具，从荷兰制造商 ASML 生产的复杂光刻设备，到切割芯片印刷所用的硅晶圆的机器。

该法案由众议院共和党议员杰伊·奥伯诺尔特和民主党议员佐伊·洛夫格伦共同提出。在参议院，民主党议员马克·凯利和共和党议员玛莎·布莱克本计划于12月提出该法案。

《芯片法案》（CHIPS Act）于 2022 年在拜登政府时期通过，旨在促进美国芯片制造业的发展，并拨款 390 亿美元用于刺激新工厂的建设和现有设施的扩建。

英特尔、台湾台积电和韩国三星电子等芯片制造商都根据该法律获得了拨款，尽管美国后来将英特尔的拨款转换成了股权。

据立法者提供的背景资料显示，中国已在芯片产业投资超过400亿美元，重点是制造设备，此类设备的市场份额已大幅增长。

美国芯片设备制造商越来越担心，对华出口限制会降低其设备销量，并损害其研发投入能力。利用《芯片技术创新法案》（CHIPS Act）的拨款购买中国设备，更使问题雪上加霜。

美国最大的切屑制造工具公司包括应用材料公司、Lam Research公司和KLA公司。

虽然中国设备是该法案的主要目标，但该法案也禁止来自其他受关注国家（的工具。

该法案中也规定了一些例外情况，其中包括如果某些特定工具不是在美国或其盟国生产的，美国可以给予豁免。

该法案只会阻止进口到美国，不会影响《CHIPS法案》拨款接受者的海外业务。

英文原文报道

A bipartisan group of U.S. lawmakers introduced a bill on Thursday in the House that would block the purchase of Chinese chipmaking equipment by CHIPS Act grant recipients for ?10 years.

The bill targets a range of chipmaking tools from complex lithography equipment, like that produced by Dutch manufacturer ?ASML, to machines that slice and dice the silicon wafers on which chips are printed.

The bill was introduced in the House by Republican Jay Obernolte and Democratic member Zoe Lofgren. In the Senate, Democrat Mark Kelly and Republican Marsha Blackburn plan to introduce the bill in December.

Passed ?under the Biden administration in 2022,? the CHIPS Act was designed to boost the U.S. chip manufacturing industry and allocated $39 billion to spur the construction of new factories and expand existing facilities.

Chip manufacturers such as Intel, Taiwan's TSMC and South Korea's Samsung Electronics have received grants under the law, though the U.S. later converted Intel's grant money into an equity stake.

China has invested more than $40 billion in the chip industry ?with a focus on manufacturing equipment, and the market share of such equipment has grown substantially, according to background material provided by the lawmakers.

U.S. chip equipment makers have grown concerned that export restrictions on their tool shipments to China will lower sales and hurt their ability to invest in research and development. The use of CHIPS Act grant money ?to buy Chinese equipment has compounded the issue.

The largest American chipmaking tool companies include Applied Materials, Lam Research and KLA.

Though Chinese equipment is the main target of the legislation, the bill also blocks tools from other nations of concern.

There are ?exceptions carved out in the bill that include the ability for the U.S. to grant waivers if specific tools are not produced in the U.S. ?or by its allied countries.

The bill would only block imports to the U.S. and would not affect ?the foreign operations of CHIPS Act grant recipients.

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